The hottest electricity market reform has formed a

Power market reform has formed a historical torrent of co evolution

reform is the process of civilization change. The core of civilization is a dependent structure, which is often expressed as a discovery mechanism of orderly competition, telling us which traits can survive better in a specific situation. The changes of the times have changed the cost of survival. The dependency structure formed by the last round of civilization has changed from a low-cost depression to a high cost, giving birth to a new low-cost variant structure. The oil pump has no working sound, forming an incentive channel by virtue of the cost advantage, constantly attracting and gathering more resources, and then building a dependency structure with a higher form of civilization. Reform is to conform to the general trend, control the boundary of the two dependency structures, nurture and build incentive channels, and orderly introduce resources from the old dependency structure to the new dependency structure

mirror image: from contract with output linked to county competition

has promoted the historic transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country

any reform can always vaguely see the evolution mirror image in the long river of history. Over the past 40 years, China has focused on the market-oriented allocation of labor factors, started with the household contract system, driven by county competition, and relying on the prosperity of manufacturing, driven the development of the entire industrial system, realizing the historic transformation from an agricultural country to an industrial country. The form of contracting with the family as the unit has changed the distribution standard of land elements and opened the gate for the flow of labor elements to the industrial field. The county competition caused by the reform of tax sharing system has formed a collective learning of "learning from others to help others". With the help of the historical process of globalization, the industrial system has been fully and rarely experienced. China has been upgraded to a factory of the world, and the Chinese people have gradually become rich. However, the development of the energy resource factor market lags behind, and the extensive development and utilization has caused serious ecological and environmental problems, showing the contradiction between the people's need for a better life and the unbalanced and insufficient development

mission: power market reform is an important engine to start the

power intelligent revolution

for a long time to come, the optimal allocation of energy resources will become an important force to promote the transformation from industrial civilization to ecological civilization, and power, as an important bridging force integrating human power and intelligence, will play an important historical role in promoting the great leap from prosperity to strength in China. Every round of technological revolution is the replacement period of the driving force of social development and the window period of the replacement of major countries. In the past 300 years, the technological revolution driven by two rounds of energy reform, represented by steam engine and electric motor, has realized the comprehensive replacement of human power source, and has also shaped the great power status of Britain and the United States. We are in the technological revolution driven by information change, and are ushering in the comprehensive replacement of human intelligence sources. Electric power is not only the carrier of energy, but also the carrier of information. Pan electric power, which is integrated by power and electronics, is an important platform for the deep integration of power and intelligence. The power intelligence revolution will play an increasingly important role in the long history of the future. The reform of power market is an important engine to start the power intelligent revolution. It undertakes the historical mission of embedding intelligent decision-making into the industrial system and upgrading industrial civilization with green energy

orientation: the overlapping of three rounds of reform tasks

is the historical orientation of China's power reform

China's power market reform is a local battlefield of the global power market reform and a parallel revolution with multiple historical tasks. In the past, the world has experienced two rounds of power market reform, and is undergoing the third round of power market reform. The whole process of reform is the process of weakening the nature of monopoly. The first round of power market reform was caused by technological progress, which led to fierce competition on the generation side, broke the vertical monopoly relationship between power plants and transmission, and presented a situation of "separation of power plants" in the upper reaches of the industry. Second, Solvay business development manager has carried out any round of power market reform. Technological progress has promoted the continuous decline of information costs. The competition on the power selling side has intensified. The user side has begun to increase its own options. The transaction cost of some links has begun to be less than the organizational cost. The competitive links and natural monopoly links have been gradually separated, showing the characteristics of "operation separation". At present, it is undergoing the third round of power market reform. With the technological progress of renewable energy, some distributed energy close to the user side can be produced and sold directly on the user side without the help of long-distance power transmission, showing the signs of "off-line". Since 1985, China has raised funds to run electricity and started the power market reform. At present, the task of plant separation has been completed, and the task of main and auxiliary separation has not been fully completed. The task of "operation separation" is being promoted, that is, it has faced the challenge of large-scale entry of renewable energy, and will have to face the parallel attack of multiple tasks, which poses a major challenge to China's power market reform. In the current reform, we must fully recognize the greatest reality of this historical stage, so that we can better look at and deal with the problems in the current reform

goal: build a market structure and market system of effective competition

this round of power market reform has set clear reform goals and established a market structure and market system of effective competition. The so-called market structure is to respect the natural monopoly, which is the development law of the gradual weakening of the brand of the company's new independent high-performance electric vehicle facing the future. According to the institutional framework of controlling the middle and liberalizing the two ends, we should delimit a clear competitive boundary and gradually separate the monopoly link from the competitive link; The so-called effectiveness is to have economic efficiency, as well as social and ecological benefits. Focus on deepening the research on regional power construction and transmission and distribution system, and orderly promote the "three liberalizing", "three strengthening" and "one independence". The government should be open, the market should be accessible, and the service should also keep up. From the reform of state-owned enterprises to the deepening of price reform, the monopoly links in the power industry organization are clearly defined, the boundary of competition is drawn, and the corresponding supervision mode and supervision ability are matched. In particular, we should pay attention to the role of information disclosure in social supervision, make the credit mechanism an important pillar in the market, and make information the third hand in resource allocation

Path: three types of leading practices

have evolved a historical process of co evolution

all regions have actively carried out pioneering practices in combination with reality, and explored a variety of heritable "variations". The three leading practices of power market reform have formed different historical orientations focusing on comprehensive reform, clean energy consumption and transitional undertaking. These three types of typical practices have made beneficial explorations in the aspects of market structure, market subjects, market order, etc., excavated the cost depression of reform, formed the incentive channel of reform, and attracted and gathered a large number of social resources. In the power load area, Guangdong used to use the price difference return coefficient to establish a mechanism to boost clearing and release huge market dividends when it was difficult to fully liberalize the electricity. With the continuous improvement of the unified clearing mechanism, the scale of supply and demand of electricity continued to expand, and the market gradually entered a benign stage of development. In Yunnan, a renewable energy rich region, as Xiaogang village of power market reform, the scale of bilateral transactions has been gradually liberalized, and the market clearing cost has been continuously reduced. Especially with the effective allocation of information, matching transactions and listing transactions can be upgraded to continuous bidding transactions, which further improves the transaction efficiency. In the central region, due to the market capacity and centralized structure, Chongqing has not yet launched a large-scale trading pilot, but combined with its own situation, exploring the four in one and exploring the establishment of a regulatory scale will provide a rare experimental platform in the field of incremental distribution, and create a "fair scale" for the reform of the overall situation. In short, various experiences of the three regions are bursting out and learning from each other. Yunnan and Guangdong have formed a pair of evolutionary subjects of coevolution, and many practices in Chongqing and other places have joined or are joining this historical torrent of coevolution

Prospect: the embedded market is the inevitable choice to deal with the challenge of

incomplete information

the market is not a disorderly freedom. Incomplete information leads to incomplete contracts, resulting in residual control, and then forms a dependency structure, which is externalized into a balance relationship. The evolution of reform is to evolve from one dependency structure to another, which is externally manifested as moving from one balance to another. In the past, an old balance was that the government made unified decisions based on the overall information, relied on administrative means, and adjusted license plates, electricity and electricity prices, so as to stabilize the static balance of the interests of power generation enterprises, power enterprises and users. A new balance in the future is: under the boundary defined by the government, power generation enterprises and power sales enterprises make decentralized decisions according to market information, provide users with low-cost and high-quality services, obtain competitive advantages, and then form a dynamic balance between orderly entry and exit of market players. Electricity market is naturally an incomplete information market, which needs to embed the market system through the skeleton structure to weaken the negative impact of incomplete information. Through a stable skeleton structure, set the boundary of price information flow, guide the market behavior of market subjects, and form a benign mechanism of orderly competition. A series of Chinese reform explorations, such as power generation rights trading and price difference return coefficient, are the reflection of this framework structure in the market. The stage of the reform determines the limitations of the reform, and also determines the basic form and function of these skeleton structures. All localities carry out reform and exploration suitable for local characteristics within limited boundaries, and constantly feed back and learn from them, gradually expand the boundaries of practice, and finally converge to form a historical torrent of reform and development in a larger scope, at a higher level, and at a deeper level